Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Guide for St. Louis Seniors

As we age, our eyes go through natural changes — but some conditions require extra attention to preserve vision. One of the leading causes of vision loss among older adults is age-related macular degeneration (AMD). This disease affects the macula, the central part of the retina responsible for sharp, detailed vision. For seniors in St. Louis, understanding the risks, early signs, and treatment options for AMD is key to protecting long-term sight.

What Is Age-Related Macular Degeneration?

AMD occurs when the macula — the small area in the back of the eye that controls central vision — becomes damaged. This can make tasks like reading, recognizing faces, and driving difficult. AMD does not cause total blindness, but it can severely impact quality of life.

There are two main forms:

• Dry AMD (atrophic): The most common type, caused by thinning of the macula and gradual vision loss.
• Wet AMD (neovascular): Less common but more severe, caused by abnormal blood vessels leaking fluid or blood into the retina, leading to faster vision loss.

Risk Factors for AMD

Certain factors increase the likelihood of developing AMD:

• Age: Most common in people over 55.
• Family history: Genetics play a strong role.
• Smoking: Significantly raises the risk of AMD progression.
• High blood pressure and heart disease: These conditions affect blood vessels in the eye.
• Poor diet: Lack of antioxidants and nutrients that support eye health.
• UV exposure: Long-term sunlight exposure without protection may contribute to retinal damage.

How Diet Supports Eye Health

Nutrition plays a key role in slowing AMD progression. Research shows that certain nutrients help protect the retina and support overall eye health:

• Lutein and Zeaxanthin: Found in leafy greens, corn, and eggs.
• Omega-3 fatty acids: Found in salmon, tuna, flaxseeds, and walnuts.
• Vitamin C, Vitamin E, and Zinc: Found in citrus fruits, nuts, seeds, and whole grains.

For some patients, doctors may recommend AREDS2 (Age-Related Eye Disease Study) supplements, which combine these nutrients in specific amounts shown to reduce the risk of advanced AMD.

Monitoring for AMD

Early detection is critical. Many patients don’t notice symptoms in the early stages, which is why regular eye exams are essential after age 50. During an exam, your doctor may use retinal imaging and OCT (optical coherence tomography) scans to check for subtle changes.

At home, patients can use an Amsler grid, a simple tool with straight lines that helps detect distortion or missing areas in vision. Any changes should be reported immediately.

Treatment Options

While there’s no cure for AMD, treatments can slow progression and preserve vision:

• For Dry AMD: Lifestyle changes, nutritional support, and consistent monitoring are the primary strategies.
• For Wet AMD: Injections of anti-VEGF medications can stop abnormal blood vessel growth and prevent further vision loss. Laser therapy may also be used in certain cases.

Early intervention makes treatment far more effective, which is why eye exams and prompt attention to vision changes are so important.

Protecting Your Vision in St. Louis

At Eye Roc, we believe knowledge is the first step to prevention. For older St. Louis residents, protecting against AMD means making healthy lifestyle choices, wearing UV-blocking sunglasses, and staying on top of annual eye exams.

If you’ve noticed changes in your central vision or have risk factors for AMD, schedule an exam with Eye Roc today. Our team uses advanced imaging and personalized care to help you safeguard your sight for the future.